While the government troops were criticized for their brutal tactics, the opposition also came under fire for reportedly torturing prisoners.Muslim jihadists and members of Al Qaeda began to join the fight in the summer, backing the rebels with weapons and financing. U.S. officials criticized the Syrian government for its lack of commitment to the peace process and its continued crackdown on both civilians and rebels. The combined effects of the drought and preexisting economic disparities under the Assad regime contributed to the first nonviolent pro-reform protests, in 2011, riding the wave of Arab Spring uprisings. In June, the U.S. determined that Assad had used chemical agents b on a small scale against the opposition multiple times in the last yearb and said it would begin supplying arms and ammunition to the rebels. Ancient Syria was conquered by Egypt about 1500 B.C., and after that by Hebrews, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians, and Alexander the Great of Macedonia. The government showed signs of strain as it attempted to fight the rebels in two major cities. The U.S. launched airstrikes on Kobani in early October, trying to prevent ISIS from taking over the strategically located town and gaining additional smuggling routes to arm fighters. UN officials arrived in Syria in early October and began destroying equipment used to produce the chemical weapons. Approximately 74% of Syrians are Sunni Muslims. They did gain access to the affected areas and took samples for testing.Because Russia and China vowed to veto any UN Security Council resolution authorizing retaliation on Assad, the U.S. and allies hoped to form a coalition to support an attack. In January 2014, the Nusra Front joined with other rebels groups to drive ISIS from several cities, dealing the group a significant defeat. U.S.-SYRIA RELATIONS.
The fall of Yabroud followed that of Zara, another strategic city on the Lebanese border.In presidential elections held on June 3, 2014, Assad was re-elected to a third seven-year term, taking about 89% of the vote. The money would go toward helping the millions of people who have been forced to flee Syria because of the civil war.The Syrian government and the opposition reached a truce agreement on Feb. 22, 2016. In September, the coalition elected Ahmad Saleh Touma, a dentist and political activist, as interim prime minister.As the opposition showed signs of fracturing, Sunni versus Shiite violence intensified, and Assad's forces held on to Damascus, most of central Syria, and cities in the north with the help of Iran, Russia, and Hezbollah, the U.S. acknowledged in July 2013 that the president would likely remain in power and control parts of Syria indefinitely. Syria’s economy did not flourish under Ottoman rule, which lasted for 400 years.
ISIS has fought other rebel groups as well as government troops, further destabilizing Syria.
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Brief history of Syria