President Smetona was interested, but asked for time to ask the cabinet and the Seimas (parliament). Lithuanian military parade in the old capital of Vilnius, October 15, 1939.On September 23, Colonel Jarosław Okulicz-Kozaryn officially capitulated to the Lithuanian Commander-in-Chief Division General Stasys Raštikis and the commander of the 1st Division, Division General Vincas Vitkauskas, and asked the Lithuanians to stay in Lithuania rather than be transferred to the Russians or the Germans. Although the area was usually quiet, there were also instances of poachers, border runners, and outlaws darting back and forth across the line, occasionally drawing fire from Polish and Lithuanian guards. The border in 1938. Field Artillery had four Regiments each with three Groups of three Batteries (two batteries of 75 mm M1897 field guns and one battery of 105 mm "Schneider" howitzers) of four guns and two light machine guns attached to each Infantry Division. During the summer of 1920, the Bolsheviks re-occupied the territory. Poachers and smugglers found it very precarious to carry on their nefarious activity. By the morning of September 21, the advanced German armour units with German and Lithuanian infantry and cavalry had control of around 80% of city. Rejecting Soviet citizenship, however, meant risking deportation as "unreliable elements" to Siberia and other barren locations, a fate already suffered by tens of thousands of refugees living in Soviet-occupied eastern Poland.Thousands of Polish Jewish refugees in Lithuania sought desperately to leave the country before January 1941, the Soviet Union's deadline for accepting Soviet citizenship in Lithuania.
In the pre-war period the city housed the entire Polish 1st Legions' Infantry Division, as well as the headquarters and the 4th Uhlans Regiment of the Wileńska Cavalry Brigade. In the early morning hours of Friday March 11, near the village of Trasninkai, Lithuanian border police officer Justas Lukoševičius was on a routine patrol when he heard two, then three shots. The news of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact came as a shock to the Lithuanians and the rest of the world. Just two days after the signing of the treaty, Polish general Lucjan Zeligowski, with Marshal Jozef Pilsudski's blessing, staged a rebellion and led Polish forces into the eastern third of Lithuania, occupying Vilnius. Voldemaras was removed from his office in September 1929, but Smetona and his party, however, remained in power until 1939. However, this would soon be overshadowed once again by Germany's expansionist foreign policy. Usually, such incidents were handled at the local level in an attempt to forestall escalation.
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