By itself it can't tell much about the strength of an earthquake because it's measurements are affected by its distance from the epicenter. Annual Earthquakes. Details of how these scales compare are discussed by Rick Aster on page 8 and 9 of the
It can also record earth tides and the sonic boom produced by the Space Shuttle as it flies into Edwards Air Force Base. The output of a seismograph is known as a seismogram. Did you ever wonder why, if it's that important, they just don't tell you right away?The Richter scale was invented, logically enough, in the 1930s by Think of a seismograph as a kind of sensitive pendulum that records the shaking of the Earth. This decrease in intensity with distance is known as attenuation.
For reasons that we won't go into, a factor of 10 change in the wave height corresponds to a factor of 32 change in the amount of energy released during the earthquake. In reality, things are a little more complicated.
earthquake: a sudden rapid shaking of the ground caused by a rapid release of energy epicenter: the point on the Earth’s surface that is vertically above the focus of an earthquake. In other words, a magnitude 7 earthquake would produce seismogram waves 10 x 10 = 100 times as high and release energy 32 x 32 = 1024 times as great as a magnitude 5 earthquake. To some degree, one of the same things that we do today. Seismometers are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph. Each wave has a characteristic time: each has its own move of travel. Just as this impact sets waves in motion on a quiet pond, so an earthquake generates seismic waves that radiate out through the Earth.Seismic waves lose much of their energy in traveling over great distances. It records ground acceleration much more accurately and with greater sensitivity.
The output of a seismograph is known as a seismogram.
Each station's signal is then converted from analog to digital by hardware and processed by computers.Signals from analog stations go off-scale quickly because the electronics and analog phone lines have limited dynamic range. In a single year, on average, more than 900,000 earthquakes are recorded and 150,000 of them are strong enough to be felt. Seismographs are designed so that slight earth vibrations move the instruments; the suspended mass (M), however, tends to remain at rest, and its recording stylus records this difference in motion. The terms seismograph and seismometer are … The spring-suspended mass lags behind the motion caused by the earthquake, making the pen record the waves on the drum. It turns out that earthquake occurrences seem to follow what is called a power-law distribution, meaning that if there is on average on magnitude 9 earthquake every ten years somewhere in the world, then on average there should be one magnitude 8 earthquake every year, 10 magnitude 7 earthquakes every year, and 100 magnitude 6 earthquakes every year.
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how does a seismograph measure an earthquake