Some returned to England, while others left for other ports.
Vermin, such as rats, and parasites such as bedbugs, lice, cockroaches and fleas, tormented the convicts, officers and marines. The deaths during the voyage included one marine, one marine's wife, one marine's child, 36 male convicts, four female convicts, and five children of convicts.The First Fleet left Portsmouth, England on 13 May 1787.The weather became increasingly hot and humid as the Fleet sailed through the tropics. Sentenced to hang, reprieved to 7 years' transportation. Convicts were originally transported to the Thirteen Colonies in North America, but after the American War of Independence ended in 1783, the newly formed United States refused to accept further convicts.
Not only these store-ships, but the men of war and transports were laden with provisions, implements of agriculture, camp equipage, clothing for the convicts, baggage, etc. William Hubbard: Hubbard was convicted in the Kingston Assizes in Surrey, England, on 24 March 1784 for theft.John McCarty: McCarty was a marine private who sailed on John Jones: Jones was a marine private on the First Fleet and sailed on Jane/Jenny Rose: (nee Jones), child of convict Elizabeth Evans per John Small: Convicted 14 March 1785 at the Devon Lent Assizes held at Exeter for Robbery King's Highway. This list does not include marines or convicts who returned to England after completing their term in NSW and who may have lived past January 1842. For the United States Navy unit known as the First Fleet, see 11 ships that left Great Britain to found the penal colony in AustraliaJohn Dunmore, "Introduction", The Journal of Jean-François de Galaup de La Pérouse, Vol.
ccxix–ccxxii.Also "slubbing mill": "A mill used for the preparation of raw fleece etc, for spinning by a coarse form of Cumpston, JHL "The History of Small-Pox in Australia 1788–1908", Government Printer (1914) Melb.Bennett, MJ, "Smallpox and Cowpox under the Southern Cross: The Smallpox Epidemic of 1789 ...", During the writing of her book, Campbell consulted
Some remained at the service of the Governor of the colony for some months: some of these were sent to Following is a list of persons known to be living at the time the pension notice was published, in order of their date of death. All had been tried and convicted in The six convict transports each had a detachment of marines on board.
Other historians have disputed the idea that there was a deliberate release of smallpox virus and/or suggest that it arrived with visitors to Australia other than the First Fleet.In 2002, historian Judy Campbell offered a further theory, that smallpox had arrived in Australia through contact with fishermen from There is a fourth theory, that the 1789 epidemic was not smallpox but After Ray Collins, a stonemason, completed years of research into the First Fleet, he sought approval from about nine councils to construct a commemorative garden in recognition of these immigrants.
The chief surgeon for the First Fleet, John White, reported a total of 48 deaths and 28 births during the voyage. A total of 1,420 people have been identified as embarking on the First Fleet in 1787, and 1,373 are believed to have landed at Sydney Cove in January 1788. This article is about the British colonial fleet. Most of the families of the marines travelled aboard The exact number of people directly associated with the First Fleet will likely never be established, as accounts of the event vary slightly. Arrived on Henry Kable Jnr: aka Holmes, b.1786 in Norwich Castle prison, son of convict Susannah Holmes per Historians have disagreed over whether those aboard the First Fleet were responsible for introducing smallpox to Australia's indigenous population, and if so, whether this was the consequence of deliberate action.
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First ships to arrive in South Australia